O.W.L.S or Ordinary Wizarding Levels are a certain qualification that Hogwarts Students take when they are 15 in their
fifth year at Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry.
O.W.L.S affect what jobs you can apply for and what subjects you can take up in your sixth and seventh years. Teachers
decide on a certain grade that they will allow into their classes in their students final years.
Basically, if you got an A in Potions, but Professor Snape only took E's and O's into his advanced Potions classes you
would not be able to continue studying the subject.
Simple!
Now, the grades are as follows:
Pass Grades:
O - Outstanding. The best mark.
E - Exceeds Expectations.
A - Acceptable. The last pass grade.
Fail Grades:
P - Poor
D - Dreadful
T - Troll. The worst grade.